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What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that arises from neurological differences in the brain. Because it encompasses a spectrum, individuals experience a wide range of types and severity of symptoms.

ASD primarily manifests in challenges related to communication, behavior, interaction, and learning. Consequently, those with ASD often face various difficulties in their daily lives due to the nature of their condition.

What are the Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

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Can autism develop later in life? What's the most effective therapy for autism? What are the consequences of untreated autism?
 

Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition rooted in brain differences. Given its spectrum nature, individuals experience a variety of symptoms ranging in type and severity.

The Core Challenges of ASD

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ASD primarily presents challenges in communication, behavior, interaction, and learning. Consequently, individuals with ASD often encounter diverse obstacles in their daily lives due to their condition.
 

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Symptoms typically emerge in early childhood, with signs appearing as early as 18 months of age. Some individuals may exhibit high functionality, displaying strong learning abilities and intelligence but facing communication difficulties. Conversely, others may experience lower functionality, with slower learning and lower IQ. Symptoms can vary in severity, encompassing a spectrum.
 

Distinctive Symptoms of ASD

Symptoms of ASD revolve around two core principles:
 

1. Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors and Interests

These behaviours may include:

• Repeated actions or movements

• Echolalia (repeating phrases)

• Unusual behaviours

• Coordination difficulties

• Specific food preferences

• Resistance to changes in routine

• Intense interests or obsessions

• Sensitivity to stimuli like light or sound
   

1. Social Communication and Interaction Challenges
    

These challenges may include:

• Preferring solitude

• Discomfort with physical contact

• Delayed speech or communication issues

• Limited interest in sharing interests

• Lack of interactive play

• Difficulty understanding commands or expressions

• Emotional detachment

• Limited use of gestures

• Poor social skills

• Avoidance of eye contact

• Lack of response to name calling

• Abnormal speech rhythm
   

Additional Characteristics of ASD
 

Other characteristics specific to ASD may include:

• Excessive anxiety

• Abnormal fears

• Delayed motor, language, and cognitive skills

• Seizures

• Hyperactivity

• Altered eating and sleeping patterns

• Mood disturbances like tantrums

• Gastrointestinal issues

What are the Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Babies?

While you cannot prevent ASD, early intervention can improve the prognosis. Hence, parents should know the early signs of ASD in babies, so they can have them tested. These include the child:
 

• Not responding to their name after 9 months of age

• Not showing expressions like happiness by 9 months of age

• Not playing interactive games by 12 months of age

• Little to no gestures by 12 months of age

• Not sharing interests with others by 15 months

• Not showing what holds their interest by 18 months

• Not noticing emotions of others by 24 months

• Not noticing and playing with other children by 36 months

• Not pretend-playing by 48 months

• Not dancing, singing, or acting by 60 months

• Not saying anything by 16 months and not saying phrases by 24 months

• Loss of speech at any age

What are the Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

There are no yet known, and precise causes for autistic spectrum disorders. Some risk factors for ASD include:

• Genetics

• Family history

• Gender: Boys are more likely to have ASD

• Low birth weight

• Premature birth

• Health problems and disorders

• Parents’ ages may also be a risk factor

• Some environmental factors may play a role

How to manage Autism Spectrum Disorder?​

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While ASD cannot be cured, it requires lifelong management to enhance the quality of life for affected individuals. Treatment plans are tailored based on individual symptoms, considering the diverse nature of the spectrum. Early intervention is crucial, as it leads to better prognoses.

Effective management strategies include:
 

1. Addressing Physical Symptoms Medical professionals focus on alleviating physical issues such as digestive problems associated with ASD.
    

2. Medication Medication may be prescribed to manage symptoms such as anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, and aggression.
    

3. Therapy Therapeutic interventions play a vital role in managing ASD and its symptoms. Fitcy Health offers home-based therapy services, ensuring accessibility for individuals facing mobility or transportation challenges. Additionally, global consultations provide diverse treatment options.
    

4. Educational Interventions Individuals with ASD may encounter learning difficulties, necessitating interventions to enhance their educational skills.
    

5. Other Supportive Interventions Life can present numerous challenges for those with ASD. Therapies and interventions aimed at developing life skills, promoting independence, and reducing disruptive behaviors are essential for improving daily functioning.

How to Live with Autism Spectrum Disorder?​

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Individuals with ASD can lead fulfilling lives with the right support. Overcoming the challenges associated with ASD involves various helpful strategies:
 

Supporting Physical Health
Maintaining physical well-being is essential for overall health and mitigating the effects of ASD. Consider these beneficial practices:

• Engage in physical activity

• Follow a balanced diet

• Prioritize quality sleep
   

Navigating Social Life

Social interactions can be daunting for individuals with ASD. To foster a healthy social life, consider these approaches:

• Seek counseling or therapy

• Join support groups

• Participate in interventions tailored for improving social skills
   

Caring for Emotional Health
Managing emotions is vital for individuals with ASD, who may experience mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety. To address emotional well-being, consider these strategies:

• Practice anxiety management techniques

• Explore relaxation methods

• Seek professional support, such as counseling services provided by Koott